Clostridium Botulinum (Microbial form and function) Essay

Clostridium Botulinum (Microbial structure and capacity) - Essay Example Clostridium botulinum Introduction Clostridium botulinumâ is a gram positive, anaerobic, spore framing bar bacillus that produces exotoxin (protein), which deadens the sensory system (Solomon and Lilly 2001). Botulinum spores are discovered appropriated in mud, sewage, soil, mucky silt in seaside territories and lakes, vegetables, foods grown from the ground digestion tracts of fishes and creatures. Under explicit condition, this bacterium may likewise develop in nourishments making neurotoxin(s). At the point when these poison containing nourishments are devoured, it brings about an ailment clinically alluded to as botulism, which regularly causes passing. The botulinum poison created by the Clostridium microscopic organisms is the most noxious substance found on the planet, where 1 gram is powerful enough to slaughter about 30 billion mice (Dilbaghi and Sharma 2007: 22). This Briefing Paper will mean to: a) present a concise foundation on Clostridium botulinum and nature of the po ison delivered by it; b) the positive and negative parts of the poisonousness, how this harmfulness demonstrations and what is the treatment; c) survey the helpful utilization of poison created by Clostridium botulinum (Botox) Discussion Background on Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum is broadly present in soil, and develops best under conditions where there is low oxygen. They can deliver spores, which causes them to stay lethargic until positive conditions are accessible that help their development. Clostridium botulinum is â€Å"sensitive to low pH (

Hotel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Inn Management - Essay Example In spite of the fact that supporters of virtual gatherings and other innovative applications battle that a similar goal could be accomplished by dispensing with up close and personal gatherings, one contends that virtual gatherings and other PC interceded types of correspondence are generally inclined to interruptions. Since the clients are in various areas, which are generally helpful to their particular undertakings, regardless of showing nearness during the virtual gathering, these members could in actuality proceed with different types of exercises, for example, reacting to messages, messaging, and making side discussions without the conspicuous information on different members. All things considered, those taking an interest in virtual gatherings and other innovatively interceded types of correspondence, show failure to concentrate totally and dedicatedly since interruptions proliferate. With enormous up close and personal gatherings which are intended to join individuals into teaming up, taking an interest, watching, tuning in, responding, reacting and interfacing with different members, progressively breathed life into conversation follows. The component of human communication is critical and principal as it demonstrates a type of responsibility, a social security that shows adjustment to similar objectives, methods of reasoning, qualities and standards advanced by the gathering, of which the individuals should be dynamic members. In like manner, through continuous response and reactions handed-off by the members, applicable and significant issues are promptly settled. There are evidently numerous favorable circumstances of eye to eye gatherings that couldn't simply be completely disregarded or excused; even with the productive use and advantages of virtual gatherings and PC intervened types of correspondence. For one, up close and personal gatherings can create increasingly constructive and energetic reaction from members that rouse the gathering to be progressively eager about the goal being

Critical Review Of The Performance Of A Primary Health Care Service In

Critical Review Of The Performance Of A Primary Health Care Service In Critical Review Of The Performance Of A Primary Health Care Service In A Saudi Arabia Against The â€" Essay Example > Critical review of the performance of a primary health care service in a Saudi Arabia against the key functions of primary health care. IntroductionSaudi Arabia, as signatory to the 1978 Alma Ata declaration of Health For All by the year 2000 of the WHO, had identified the development primary health care as the important strategy for the purpose, with the result the country now has 1787 primary health care centres each serving an average population of 8727 people as in 2005 (MOH, 2002). Quality of health care has been defined as a combination of access to health care and effectiveness of health care. While access refers to health structures and processes available, effectiveness refers to clinical care and interpersonal care that deliver the desired results (Campbell, Roland, Buetow, 2000). PHC systemThough health for all by 2000 could not be achieved, the PHC system has contributed significantly towards improvement of health conditions for those who are economically deprived. Bei ng the flagship of the country’s health care system, all the PHCs are closely linked to the respective general hospitals which are linked to the tertiary care services through referral and feedback system. PHCs are also expected implement various facets of health care at the primary level and they carry out population and family census in the respective areas, maintain health files of the patients, conduct surveys at schools and routine home visits besides maintaining “health friends committees’ Their services are thus comprehensive in that they are promotional, preventive, curative and rehabilitative. They are owned by the Ministry of Health and wherever necessary PHC health care delivery is done through private dispensaries also. (Heath Systems Profile-Saudi Arabia) Present status of PHC system in Saudi Arabia As per the WHO report, the country has three types of PHCs catering to populations of 500, 5,000 and 25,000. Some, which are in cities, are liable to be overloaded t o serve 100,000 people. And that additionally 900 PHCs are required to deliver an equitable health care service especially in remote areas. (WHO Report). Focus on Maternal Health Care Donabedian (1966), an authority on health care evaluation has suggested three levels of evaluation of a health service in terms of structure, process and outcome. While structure relates manpower, facilities and equipment, process involves assessment of the manner in which resources are used. Resources refer to health workers, procedures and techniques used to achieve the objectives. Outcome refers to evaluation of patient satisfaction, recovery rates and morbidity and mortality rates. Donabedian has opined that it would be ideal to adopt more than one of the three levels for evaluation to avoid misleading results. A study by Mansour (1996), cautions that people of Saudi Arabia are very polite and would not complain of poor services probably because they feel that the expatriate health workers would b e harmed if complaints are made. The same study says that people of Saudi Arabia are generally content with low standards of care. Access to prenatal health careThe study by Al-Ahamadi and Rolland (2005), which analysed 128 studies and selected 31 out of them, found access to prenatal health care was 67-95% which is considered good. (Al-Ahamadi and Rolland, 2005). There has been a steady decline in maternal mortality from 18 per 100,000 births in 1993 to 14 in 2003. 91 % of the births have been attended by skilled professionals, 86 % of whom were from public facilities. 86 % of pregnant mothers were fully immunised with tetanus toxoid. 90% of pregnant mothers received at least one antenatal check by a skilled profession. 21 % used contraceptives out of which 69% used pills and 24 % IUDs. Fertility rates fell from 6.5% in 1993 to 4.3 in 2003. Mean marriage age for females was 21.7 while for males it was 25.6 (WHO Report). However one report says that female mortality rates was 12 pe r 100,000 in 2000 (Health System Profile, 2006). A comparative figure of maternal mortality of 500,000 globally every year is noteworthy here. In Indonesia alone the rate is 20,000 every year (Healthcare Industry Today, 2010).

The World Of Modern Architecture Essay - 1397 Words

†¢ Z Marcel The â€Å"TIME† magazine in 1956 defined Breuer as one of those great designers and architects that have â€Å"moulded the 20th century†. As a designer, with his tubular steel furniture, he has written the history of design: his â€Å"Wassily† chair, in fact, has became an icon of modern living. As an architect he has been one of the most innovative and interesting ones of his time, but, unfortunately, this role has not been so often recognized in him by the historians. M. Breuer belongs to a generation to which time and fame have not been so generous with. W. Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, in fact, when Breuer was in his twenties, had already began to give their contribute to the birth of a new era in architecture: the Modern Movement. Only in the latest years the critics have started to give to his figure the role that truly belongs to him: the role of one of the major protagonists of modern architecture. M. Breuer was not only one of the most prolific architects of his time but also one of the most innovative and interesting ones. He possessed an excellent sense related to proportions, forms and materials.To be able to comprehend his art, we need to take time, to spend time in front of his regular, sculptural forms.That’s probably what truly and deeply attracts of Breuer’s architecture: the extra-ordinary vigour. M. Breuer’art doesn’t know frailty or weakness. It’s exactly like its creator. It precisely shows the temperament of his author: a strong.Show MoreRelatedGothic Architecture And Its Impact On The Modern World1424 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology, culture, architecture, and all other aspects of Earth are on an ever-evolving cycle, reaching closer and closer to perfection at each tick of the clock. Witnessing these developments is like candy to our eyes, as we dwell in the research and creation of new models. 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Where to Find Administration Essay Samples

Where to Find Administration Essay Samples There are several reasons as to why you might need to create your order with argumentativeessaywriting.com. According to political strategy, the most important undertaking of government is to make the most of the embodiment of the will of individuals. Go at your own pace and research the topics which you find interesting and choose one that best satisfies your requirements. The very first step is to pick a topic you are quite comfortable with. What Does Administration Essay Samples Mean? Nursing and health care professionals face greater need of using information technology in day to day operations with a general goal of improving the caliber of care by raising patient safety. It is critical to be aware that engineers are given the larger task of understand management and company principles in the context of engineering projects and tasks. Untimely delivery It's mostly marked that these services are difficult to rely upon because of their untimely shipping. Moreover, because of the directional strategy patient has come to be the major center on the demands of the organization's system. Medication error is a result of the incorrect drug, the incorrect timing, the incorrect dose, and the incorrect route. It can be very dangerous, which can potentially cause harm or even deaf if it's not used properly. Assessment is important whenever dealing with critical issues to deal with the requirements of the community. Medication errors, handoff procedure and information quality. The standard of patient care and safety is among the most critical features of health care sector. Failure to react to questions shall negatively affect your grade. Knowing the mode of action will make sure that the medication given is suitable for the patient's diagnosis. 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Positioning and Communication Free Essays

A large proportion of overweight people have been trying to lose their weight in every possible way. However, not every attempt was successful. Due to that, the pharmaceutical industry has been developing and testing a large variety of medicines that are specifically made to help people with weight issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Positioning and Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the newest drugs on the market is Metabical, a prescription drug developed by Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP). Based on the results from clinical trials, Metabical has been proven effective for weight loss of overweight people. The question is how willMetabicalbe introduced to the market? PULL MARKETING The main idea was to advertise Metabical directly to consumers in order to increase the awareness of the product. This strategy was based on pull marketing where the purpose was to attract the customers and make them approach the supplier or seller tlrst It is not an assertive way ot marketing in comparison to push marketing where a seller calls potential customers on the telephone asking whether they would like to purchase a product they might not actually need. In 1997, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has reduced restrictions on direct-to-consumer-advertising concerning drugs. Therefore, the effect of the pull marketing was tremendously positive for the pharmaceutical industry. (Buckley 2003). It is also visible in a study made by Prevention magazine, where doctors whose patients came and asked for a medicine that they had previously seen being advertised, had the tendency to prescribe that same brand of medicine (even though they had different alternatives in mind). Following pull marketing, the strategy included: advertisements on the internet, television and radio. Moreover, print media was being distributed at the same time as the drug was being launched. This distributionwas continued in the same manner throughoutthe first year of the campaign in order to maintain the brand awareness on a high level. After the initial advertisement strategy, additional 100 000 health care pamphlets were distributed. These pamphletscontained a reply card which, if sent, would provide the sender with a sample of the product. The goal behind this campaign was to show the potential customers that Metabical is suitable for people belonging to the BMI range of 25-30. Body Mass index (BMI) is the most common index used for comparing weight and height. The calculations resents whether the weight is appropriate for the person’s height. If the weight is not appropriate,the person can fall in the group of overweight or underfed (Tim J Cole 2000). As mentioned in the article, an abundanceof weight loss pills were made for obese or severely obese people. However, the group of people with the BMI ranging from 25-30 were not suitable for these pillswhich, consequently, did not have any effect on their weight loss. Additionally, CPS has developed a support programme which will not only help in weight reduction but also help maintaining the healthy lifestyle. One of their key concepts in the campaign was: â€Å"Losing weight is tough. You don’t have to do it alone. Let Metabical and your health care provider start you on the road to a healthy weight and better life. † Regarding the support programme, Printup has developed an online contest to attract more customers to buy theproduct and participate in the contest to win a prize. In this contest each user can Join in and compete with other users in reducing BMIs by the highest percentage. Not only Printup was making advertisements for consumers, she also developed a strategy to target medical community where advertisements were placed on online edical websites and also printed out in well-known medical Journals. Several events were organized especially for medical experts prior to the product launch, one of which was a roundtable discussion. In order to spread the word of the discussion, coverage of this event was done by leading news organizations. How to cite Positioning and Communication, Papers

The immortality and beauty of art Essay Example For Students

The immortality and beauty of art Essay Throughout the three poems that Keats composed: Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale and To Autumn, Keats is principally concerned to explore the concepts of time, the relationships between art and nature, mortality and immortality, using a series of paradoxes both thematically and literally in the poem to contrast the main elements discussed in his work, and to enhance the fact that Ode in itself is a paradox as it is a result of both celebration and commemoration. However, he looks at these elements in depth from different aspects and perspectives in order to find a way in which art and nature can both exist, developing his ideas within the poems. We will write a custom essay on The immortality and beauty of art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In all his three poems, he focuses on the main themes: art, nature and time. Nevertheless, although he looks at the same elements in these poems, he always finds different ways of understanding these concepts in all three poems, as if he is developing his ideas towards a final conclusion. In Ode on a Grecian Urn he propels the idea of nature contained by art; Ode to a Nightingale is about art contained in nature; whereas To Autumn reveals the idea that art and nature are reconciled. In each of Keatss poems, he uses different techniques to back up the main idea that he wants to suggest in each ode. In the poem Ode on a Grecian Urn, Keats focuses mainly on the immortality and beauty of art, where things are frozen forever in a state of perfection, such as the images on the urn. In actual fact, Keats resembles the urn to the picture of still unravishd bride, which could be seen as an image which represents beauty, but at the same time quite an unrealistic representation as he portraits a very particular part in time: the moment of anticipation, where things are frozen just a fraction of time before perfection and can then be perfected by the imagination of human mind. Nevertheless, this can also be ruined and destroyed by reality. He cleverly makes use of oxymoron when describing the urn as an unravishd bride, which propels the idea of the immortality and perfection of art and at the same time, the limitations which exist because of its unreality. This can be perceived as the fact that he longs for the longevity that is possessed by the urn, and the powerful attraction to art nevertheless having known its limits, and the desire of looking forward to the moment of anticipation, which can then be perfected by the imagination, and lasting forever. However, the way from which he sees art changes when he comes to write the poem Ode to a Nightingale, where art is once again presented as attractive but incomplete from a human point of view, which introduces an ongoing reflection from a self-conscious position on the significance of art. In this poem, Keats expresses the concept of the existence of art in nature through the image of the nightingale and its song: the nightingale, at a certain extent, can be perceived as nature, and the song therefore represents a form of art. Here, the song can act as a bridge between art and nature as itself is a creation from the nature and thus applying this concept to the idea that art is contained in nature. On the other hand, the song of the nightingale is not human, and therefore this whole idea gets rejected as the poet implies a self-erasing structure throughout the poem in which he sets off his ideal by the contrast of the actual: stating a thesis and antithesis which together will work towards a synthesis, which could be the new thesis, a more perfected conclusion. This unique structure, present only in this poem, conveys the idea of art and nature as it has a clear artistic structure while suggesting the sense of a mind in process looking for the best option. .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 , .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .postImageUrl , .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 , .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99:hover , .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99:visited , .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99:active { border:0!important; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99:active , .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99 .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6d82224865d846c8a79123248785fc99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pablo Picasso Changed The Way We Look At Art EssayCompared to Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a Nightingale, To Autumn has a more regular structure, which consists of three eleven-line stanzas and a rhyme scheme which starts with A B A B which show the regularity and pattern within the poem, while ending with C D E D C F E in the first stanza. Examining attentively to the ending rhymes, we can notice that there is a break in pattern, which changes the continuity to support the style. This sudden change in the rhyme scheme, where the C and E at the end of the stanza link back to the previous C and E rhymes, suggests the idea of the progress and return for not coming to an e nd, giving therefore the sense of overflowing, which can be associated with the main idea that Keats suggests throughout the poem: the cyclical time. Another unique point of the poem To Autumn compared to the other twos is the accumulation of figurative language in the poem such as the technique of metaphor, slimily and personification, suggesting therefore a sense of evident truth. Moreover, personification gives human qualities to a non-human object; therefore it has the utility of holding two elements together, which are normally separate and not related to each other. In fact, autumn here is personified by an image of a young girl sitting careless on a granary floor, passing on a sense of ease. Again, it shows the absence of fear because death is an essential part in the nature cycle as it allows the next one to grow, for a fresh new start. Thus, this is described as a natural and relaxed process. In this poem, unlike the other twos, Keats describes mainly the progression of time and season, whereas Ode on a Grecian Urn is mainly concerned about art, and Ode on a Nightingale which is primarily about nature. The description of the progression of time and season could possibly represent Keatss message that even though autumn seems the approach towards death, it is all part of the natural progression that eventually leads to spring and a new beginning. Keats uses many techniques to emphasise his conclusion with the use of rhymes, a steady and calm rhythm, his choice of imagery such as the full-grown lambs is a way of representing the point of vintage and at the same time, conveying a tranquil atmosphere throughout the poem. Therefore, this poem conveys a sense of peace and composure in respect to the other twos as there is the absence of fear and no anxiety of death because of the sense of continuity which works towards a cycle. In fact, in Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a Nightingale, Keats is mainly concerned to explore the concept between art and nature, giving only little interest in time, where in the end, it seems that it is the key element which links art and nature as the theory of mortality and immorality no longer exists. In all of these three poems of Keats, there is the concern of how to reach and maintain the moment of vintage, in other words, how to reach the most perfect instant in time, in which it is more complete than the moment of anticipation and which does not exceed with excess to become spoiled, tending towards death. Therefore, it can be said that the moment of vintage is the moment of perfect maturity, the best moment that anything can possibly reach and at the same time, the moment which is haunted by death. Finally, Keats develops his concept of time from linear, described in his first two poems Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a Nightingale, to a cyclical time mentioned in To Autumn, where it conveys a sense of composure in the lack of fear because the sense of ending is also a sense of beginning and return, which brings a feeling of immortality within the concept. This is due to the fact that the natural cycle has never an end, and continues towards infinity.